This section of Deleuze’s lectures on Rousseau explain Rousseau’s criticism of Hobbes’ social contract. The state of nature for Hobbes is said to contain just enough reason for humans to escape its savagery and establish civil society. Rousseau contends this; all that which we justify civil society as above the state of nature came about as a presupposition from a previous stage of society. Why would there be war and slavery in the state of nature if such things are characterised by inventions of civil society; property and organised force, for example? Because of these stages, and these presuppositions, Rousseau wants to trace humans back to a genetic original, not strictly a Hobbesian state of nature, rather one in which compassion and self-love are balanced. The lack of organisation and separation of humans in the genetic original lead to self-sufficiency - needs and their conditions are harmonious. From here Rousseau traces the stages society, and whether it is possible for a social contract to genuinely occur besides mystification and alienation.

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